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Rock Drill (Jacob Epstein)
''Rock Drill'' (c. 1913–1915) and the associated ''Torso in Metal from Rock Drill'' (c. 1913–1916) are Jacob Epstein's most radical sculptures. ''Rock Drill'' comprises a plaster figure perched on top of an actual rock drill. The combination of an industrial rock drill and the carved plaster figure makes the artwork an example of a "Readymade" created at the same time as Marcel Duchamp's ''Bicycle Wheel'' (1913). A 1974 reconstruction, by Ken Cook and Ann Christopher, is part of the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery's collection. ''Rock Drill'' has been heralded as embodying the spirit of "radical Modernism more dramatically than any other sculpture, English or continental, then or since".
Jacob Epstein (1880–1959) was an American-born sculptor who had moved to Europe in 1902, and taken British citizenship in 1911. Although Epstein was not officially a member of the Vorticists, not having signed the Vorticist Manifesto, the full-figure sculpture has also been hailed as the pinnacle of Vorticist art. Originally a positive statement, ''Rock Drill'' stood as a celebration of modern machinery and masculine virility. Wyndham Lewis described the sculpture as 'one of the best things he () has done. The nerve-like figure perched on the machinery, with its straining to one purpose, is a vivid illustration of the greatest function of life.'
In 1940, however, recalling the horrors of the 1914–18 war in the context of the Second World War, Epstein reinterpreted the sculpture much more negatively:
==Study==
''Study for Rock Drill'' (c. 1913) is a × charcoal drawing by Epstein which is part of The Garman Ryan Collection at The New Art Gallery Walsall.〔The New Art Gallery Walsall catalogue; accession number 1973.072.GR〕 Whilst the exact date of the sketch is unknown, because it is a preparatory study for Epstein's full sculpture ''Rock Drill'', it has been dated to 1913.
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